The first Prime Minister of India holds a distinguished place in the annals of history, marking the dawn of an independent nation. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, assumed office on August 15, 1947, as the country emerged from British colonial rule. This pivotal moment was not only a testament to his leadership but also a significant milestone in India's journey toward democracy and self-governance. As the first Prime Minister of India, Nehru's role was crucial in shaping the nation's political and economic landscape during its formative years.
Nehru’s appointment as the first Prime Minister of India was a key event that set the stage for India’s future development. His vision for a secular, democratic India guided his policies and helped lay the foundation for modern governance. Understanding the contributions of the first Prime Minister of India provides insight into the early challenges and triumphs of a newly independent country. As we reflect on Nehru’s legacy, it becomes clear how his leadership impacted the trajectory of India’s growth and development.
Jawaharlal Nehru: The First Prime Minister of India
Jawaharlal Nehru, a pivotal figure in Indian history, served as the first Prime Minister of independent India. His leadership, vision, and policies laid the foundation for the nation's future. This article delves into Nehru's life, his role in the Indian independence movement, his tenure as Prime Minister, and his enduring legacy.
The Oath Ceremony on August 15, 1947
Historic Day
On August 15, 1947, India officially gained independence from British rule. The day began with a flag-hoisting ceremony at the Red Fort in Delhi, where Nehru delivered his iconic "Tryst with Destiny" speech, articulating the hopes and aspirations of a free India.
The Oath of Office
Later that day, Jawaharlal Nehru took the oath of office as the first Prime Minister of India. The ceremony took place at the Government House (now known as Rashtrapati Bhavan), where Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy and the first Governor-General of independent India, administered the oath.
Nehru's Oath
Nehru swore to uphold the Constitution and to serve India and its people. His oath was a solemn commitment to the values of democracy, secularism, and social justice. This moment symbolized the transfer of power from colonial rulers to the elected representatives of the Indian people.
Early Life and Education
Born on November 14, 1889, in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, Jawaharlal Nehru was the son of Motilal Nehru, a prominent lawyer and nationalist leader, and Swarup Rani. Nehru's privileged upbringing afforded him the opportunity to study at prestigious institutions. He attended Harrow School in England and later graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge. Nehru then went on to study law at the Inner Temple in London.
Nehru's Vision and Early Challenges
Vision for India
Nehru's vision for India was rooted in the principles of democracy, socialism, and secularism. He believed in a pluralistic society where all citizens, regardless of religion or caste, could coexist harmoniously. His commitment to scientific temper, education, and industrialization aimed at transforming India into a modern nation.
Early Challenges
Nehru's tenure as Prime Minister began amidst significant challenges. The immediate tasks included managing the aftermath of partition, resettling millions of refugees, and maintaining communal harmony. Additionally, Nehru had to lay the foundation for economic development and social reform in a newly independent and diverse nation.
Nehru's Achievements and Legacy
Economic and Social Reforms
Nehru's government initiated a series of Five-Year Plans aimed at economic self-reliance and industrial growth. The establishment of institutions such as the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) highlighted his emphasis on education and healthcare.
Foreign Policy
Nehru's foreign policy was characterized by non-alignment, advocating for India's independence in global affairs without aligning with any major power bloc during the Cold War. He was a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement, promoting peace and cooperation among newly independent nations.
Democratic Institutions
Nehru's leadership was instrumental in establishing and strengthening democratic institutions in India. His commitment to parliamentary democracy, free press, and an independent judiciary laid the foundation for a stable and vibrant democracy.
Enduring Legacy
Jawaharlal Nehru's legacy as the first Prime Minister of India is multifaceted. His contributions to nation-building, his vision for a secular and democratic India, and his leadership during the formative years of the republic have left an indelible mark on the nation's history. Nehru's ideals continue to inspire and guide India's journey towards progress and development.
Involvement in the Independence Movement
Upon returning to India, Nehru was drawn to the Indian National Congress, influenced by the political climate and his father's involvement in the freedom struggle. Under the mentorship of Mahatma Gandhi, Nehru became an ardent advocate for Indian independence, participating in various movements such as the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22), the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-34), and the Quit India Movement (1942).
Nehru's vision for an independent India was rooted in secularism, socialism, and democracy. His speeches and writings, particularly his book "The Discovery of India," reflect his deep commitment to these principles and his vision for a unified and progressive nation.
Nehru as the Prime Minister
Assumption of Office
On August 15, 1947, India gained independence from British rule, and Jawaharlal Nehru was appointed as the first Prime Minister. His famous speech, "Tryst with Destiny," delivered on the eve of independence, remains etched in the collective memory of the nation. Nehru's eloquence and charisma were instrumental in rallying the nation during this pivotal period.
Policies and Reforms
Nehru's tenure as Prime Minister was marked by significant social, economic, and political reforms aimed at modernizing India. Some of the key areas of his focus included:
Economic Planning and Industrialization: Nehru was a proponent of planned economic development. He established the Planning Commission and initiated the Five-Year Plans, which aimed at boosting industrialization, self-reliance, and balanced regional development. The establishment of major industries, dams, and power plants during his tenure laid the groundwork for India's industrial growth.
Education and Science: Nehru believed that education and scientific temper were essential for the nation's progress. He established institutions of higher learning such as the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS). His emphasis on science and technology led to the establishment of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the Department of Atomic Energy.
Agricultural Reforms: Nehru's government implemented land reforms to address the issues of land distribution and agrarian distress. Initiatives such as the abolition of the Zamindari system aimed at empowering farmers and increasing agricultural productivity.
Foreign Policy: Nehru's foreign policy was characterized by non-alignment, a principle that sought to maintain India's independence in international affairs by not aligning with any major power bloc during the Cold War. He was a key figure in the formation of the Non-Aligned Movement, which aimed at promoting peace and cooperation among developing nations.
Challenges and Criticisms
Nehru's tenure was not without challenges. The partition of India and Pakistan in 1947 led to widespread communal violence and displacement. Nehru faced criticism for his handling of the Kashmir issue and the Sino-Indian War of 1962, which strained India's relations with China.
Despite these challenges, Nehru's leadership during the formative years of independent India was crucial in shaping the nation's democratic institutions and secular character.
Legacy
Jawaharlal Nehru passed away on May 27, 1964, leaving behind a legacy that continues to influence India. His vision of a modern, secular, and democratic India has inspired generations. Nehru's contributions to nation-building, his emphasis on scientific temper, and his commitment to social justice remain relevant to this day.
Nehru's birthday, November 14, is celebrated as Children's Day in India, honoring his love for children and his belief in the importance of nurturing the younger generation for the nation's future.
Jawaharlal Nehru's tenure as the first Prime Minister of India was a period of transformation and nation-building. His policies and vision laid the foundation for a modern and progressive India. As a leader, thinker, and visionary, Nehru's contributions to the Indian state and society are invaluable, and his legacy continues to shape the nation's path towards development and prosperity.
First General Elections Background
India's Independence and Constitution
India gained independence from British rule on August 15, 1947. Following independence, the Constituent Assembly, under the leadership of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, drafted the Indian Constitution, which was adopted on January 26, 1950. This established India as a democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government.
Interim Government
Before the first general elections, an interim government was formed with Jawaharlal Nehru as the Prime Minister. This government was responsible for transitioning the country from colonial rule to a fully sovereign state and laying the groundwork for democratic governance.
The First General Elections (1951-1952)
Election Process
The first general elections in India were held between October 25, 1951, and February 21, 1952. These elections were a massive logistical exercise, involving over 173 million eligible voters, making it the largest democratic election ever held at the time. The elections were conducted to elect members to the Lok Sabha (House of the People), the lower house of India's Parliament.
Major Political Parties
The Indian National Congress (INC), led by Jawaharlal Nehru, was the dominant political party. Other significant parties included the Communist Party of India (CPI), the Socialist Party, and regional parties that represented various states and communities.
Election Results
The Indian National Congress secured a decisive victory in the elections, winning 364 out of 489 seats in the Lok Sabha. This overwhelming majority underscored the widespread support for Nehru and his vision for India's future.
Nehru's Election as Prime Minister
Swearing-In Ceremony
Jawaharlal Nehru was officially sworn in as the first democratically elected Prime Minister of India on May 13, 1952. The ceremony took place at Rashtrapati Bhavan, where Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India, administered the oath of office and secrecy to Nehru and his cabinet members.
Nehru's Vision and Policies
Nehru's leadership was characterized by his commitment to democratic principles, secularism, and social justice. His government focused on economic development, scientific advancement, and modernization. Key initiatives included the establishment of the Planning Commission, launching of the Five-Year Plans, and promoting industrialization and agricultural reforms.
Significance of the First General Elections
Democratic Milestone
The first general elections were a monumental achievement for India, demonstrating the country's commitment to democratic governance. The successful conduct of the elections reinforced India's status as the world's largest democracy and set a precedent for future democratic processes.
Empowerment of Citizens
The elections empowered millions of Indian citizens by giving them the right to vote and participate in the democratic process. This was particularly significant for marginalized communities and women, who gained equal voting rights.
Foundation for Future Governance
The election of Jawaharlal Nehru as the Prime Minister laid the foundation for stable and effective governance. Nehru's policies and vision shaped the trajectory of India's development and established democratic norms and institutions that continue to influence the country's political landscape.
Subhas Chandra Bose: The First Prime Minister of Independent India in Exile
Subhas Chandra Bose, affectionately known as Netaji, is a revered figure in India's struggle for independence. Although not the first Prime Minister of independent India in the conventional sense, Bose's declaration of a provisional government and his role as the head of the Indian National Army (INA) have earned him a special place in Indian history. This article explores Bose's early life, his role in the freedom struggle, the formation of the Azad Hind Government, and his lasting legacy.
Subhas Chandra Bose Early Life and Education
Subhas Chandra Bose was born on January 23, 1897, in Cuttack, Odisha, to Janakinath Bose, a prominent lawyer, and Prabhavati Devi. He was a brilliant student, earning a degree from the University of Calcutta and later studying at the University of Cambridge in England, where he passed the Indian Civil Services (ICS) examination in 1920. However, driven by a burning desire for India's independence, Bose resigned from the ICS and returned to India to join the freedom movement.
Subhas Chandra Bose Role in the Indian Independence Movement
Bose quickly rose through the ranks of the Indian National Congress (INC), gaining a reputation for his charismatic leadership and radical ideas. He became the President of the INC in 1938 and 1939 but resigned due to ideological differences with Mahatma Gandhi and other Congress leaders, who favored a more non-violent approach to achieving independence.
Formation of the Forward Bloc
In 1939, Bose founded the Forward Bloc within the INC, advocating for complete and immediate independence from British rule. His vision extended beyond India's borders, seeking international support to liberate India.
The Azad Hind Government
Formation and Leadership
In 1941, Bose escaped house arrest in India and traveled to Germany, where he sought support for India's independence from the Axis powers during World War II. In 1943, Bose moved to Southeast Asia, where he took command of the Indian National Army (INA), composed of Indian prisoners of war and expatriates. On October 21, 1943, Bose proclaimed the formation of the Provisional Government of Free India (Azad Hind) in Singapore, declaring himself the Prime Minister, Head of State, and Minister of War.
Military Campaigns
Under Bose's leadership, the INA fought alongside the Japanese army against British forces in the campaigns in Burma (now Myanmar) and northeastern India. The INA's efforts, though ultimately unsuccessful, were significant in igniting nationalist fervor and weakening British morale.
Ideology and Vision
Bose's vision for India was rooted in a socialist and secular framework. He believed in equal rights for all citizens, regardless of religion, caste, or creed, and emphasized the importance of industrialization and modernization for India's progress.
Legacy
Subhas Chandra Bose's untimely and mysterious death in a plane crash in 1945 remains a subject of controversy and speculation. However, his legacy as a fearless patriot and a symbol of resistance against colonial rule endures. Bose's contributions to India's freedom struggle have been commemorated in various ways, including statues, memorials, and the naming of institutions and infrastructure after him.
Influence on Post-Independence India
Bose's efforts significantly influenced the Indian independence movement. His call for unity and his emphasis on self-reliance resonated with the masses. The INA's trials in 1945-46 further galvanized Indian public opinion against British rule, hastening the process of independence.
Recognition and Honors
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose is remembered as one of India's greatest heroes. His birthday, January 23, is celebrated as "Parakram Diwas" (Day of Courage) in India. Various institutions, including the Netaji Subhas University of Technology and the Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport, honor his name and legacy.
Subhas Chandra Bose's role as the head of the Azad Hind Government and his leadership of the INA mark him as a significant figure in India's struggle for independence. Though not the first Prime Minister of India in the post-independence era, his contributions to the freedom movement and his vision for a free and progressive India have left an indelible mark on the nation's history. Bose's legacy as a leader who dared to challenge colonial rule and inspire a nation lives on, making him an enduring symbol of courage and patriotism.
Indira Gandhi: The First Woman Prime Minister of India
Indira Gandhi, a prominent figure in Indian politics, made history by becoming the first and, to date, the only woman to serve as the Prime Minister of India. Her tenure was marked by significant political, economic, and social changes, as well as periods of controversy. This article explores her early life, political career, tenure as Prime Minister, and enduring legacy.
Indira Gandhi Early Life and Education
Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi was born on November 19, 1917, in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, to Jawaharlal Nehru and Kamala Nehru. She grew up in a politically active family, with her father being a central figure in the Indian independence movement and later the first Prime Minister of independent India.
Indira's early education took place in various schools in India and Europe. She later attended Visva-Bharati University in West Bengal and the University of Oxford in England. Her exposure to diverse cultures and political ideologies during her education years profoundly influenced her worldview and political aspirations.
Indira Gandhi Entry into Politics
Indira Gandhi's political career began in earnest after India's independence in 1947. She initially served as her father's personal assistant and hostess, gaining valuable experience and insights into the workings of the Indian government. In 1959, she was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress, further solidifying her position within the party.
Indira Gandhi Tenure as Prime Minister
First Term (1966-1977)
Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister of India on January 24, 1966, following the sudden death of Lal Bahadur Shastri. Her ascent to power was initially seen as a compromise choice by the party's senior leaders, who underestimated her political acumen. However, Gandhi quickly established her authority and embarked on a series of transformative policies.
Key Policies and Achievements
Green Revolution: One of Gandhi's most significant contributions was the implementation of the Green Revolution, which aimed to transform Indian agriculture by introducing high-yielding crop varieties, modern irrigation techniques, and chemical fertilizers. This initiative significantly increased food production and helped India achieve self-sufficiency in food grains.
Nationalization of Banks: In 1969, Indira Gandhi nationalized 14 major banks, a move aimed at ensuring greater control of credit and resources by the state. This policy was intended to address poverty and reduce economic inequality by providing more accessible banking services to the rural population.
Foreign Policy: Gandhi's foreign policy was characterized by non-alignment and the pursuit of strategic partnerships. Her government played a crucial role in the liberation of Bangladesh in 1971, providing support to the Bengali nationalist movement and securing a decisive military victory over Pakistan.
The Emergency (1975-1977)
One of the most controversial periods of Indira Gandhi's tenure was the Emergency, declared on June 25, 1975. Citing threats to national security and internal stability, Gandhi suspended civil liberties, censored the press, and arrested political opponents. The Emergency lasted for 21 months, leading to widespread criticism and allegations of authoritarianism. In 1977, facing growing opposition, she lifted the Emergency and called for general elections, which resulted in a resounding defeat for her party.
Second Term (1980-1984)
Despite her defeat in 1977, Indira Gandhi made a political comeback in 1980, winning the general elections and resuming her role as Prime Minister. Her second term was marked by efforts to restore stability and address the challenges facing the nation.
Key Policies and Challenges
Economic Reforms: Gandhi's second term saw a focus on economic liberalization and industrial growth. Her government introduced measures to promote foreign investment and modernize the economy.
Operation Blue Star: One of the most significant and contentious events during her second term was Operation Blue Star in 1984. This military operation aimed to remove Sikh militants, led by Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, from the Golden Temple in Amritsar. The operation led to significant casualties and damage to the holy site, resulting in widespread anger and unrest among the Sikh community.
Indira Gandhi Assassination and Legacy
On October 31, 1984, Indira Gandhi was assassinated by her Sikh bodyguards in retaliation for Operation Blue Star. Her death marked a tragic end to a tumultuous and impactful political career.
Enduring Legacy
Indira Gandhi's legacy is complex and multifaceted. She is remembered for her strong leadership, her efforts to modernize India's economy and agriculture, and her role in shaping the nation's foreign policy. At the same time, her tenure is also associated with the controversial Emergency period and the centralization of power.
Indira Gandhi's contributions to India's development and her position as a pioneering woman in Indian politics continue to inspire and influence future generations. Her life and career are a testament to the challenges and triumphs of leading a diverse and dynamic nation.
Indira Gandhi's tenure as the first woman Prime Minister of India was a period of significant transformation and challenges. Her leadership, marked by bold policies and controversial decisions, left an indelible mark on the nation's history. As a trailblazer for women in politics and a central figure in India's post-independence era, Indira Gandhi's legacy endures as a symbol of resilience, determination, and leadership.
Awards presented to First Prime Minster: Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, was a prominent leader both nationally and internationally. Throughout his lifetime, he received several awards and honors. Here are some notable awards and recognitions presented to Jawaharlal Nehru:
Prime Minister of India all list
Here is a list of all the Prime Ministers of India from 1947 to the present, along with their terms of office:
Jawaharlal Nehru (1947-1964)
- Term: August 15, 1947 - May 27, 1964
- Party: Indian National Congress
- Significant Contributions: First Prime Minister of independent India, led India through the early years of independence, initiated economic reforms and the Non-Aligned Movement.
Gulzarilal Nanda (1964, 1966)
- Term: May 27, 1964 - June 9, 1964 (Acting)
- Term: January 11, 1966 - January 24, 1966 (Acting)
- Party: Indian National Congress
- Significant Contributions: Interim Prime Minister following the deaths of Nehru and Shastri.
Lal Bahadur Shastri (1964-1966)
- Term: June 9, 1964 - January 11, 1966
- Party: Indian National Congress
- Significant Contributions: Known for promoting the White Revolution, coined the slogan "Jai Jawan Jai Kisan."
Indira Gandhi (1966-1977, 1980-1984)
- Term: January 24, 1966 - March 24, 1977
- Term: January 14, 1980 - October 31, 1984
- Party: Indian National Congress
- Significant Contributions: First woman Prime Minister, led India during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, implemented the Emergency (1975-1977).
Morarji Desai (1977-1979)
- Term: March 24, 1977 - July 28, 1979
- Party: Janata Party
- Significant Contributions: First Prime Minister from outside the Congress party, focused on administrative reforms and anti-corruption measures.
Charan Singh (1979-1980)
- Term: July 28, 1979 - January 14, 1980
- Party: Janata Party (Secular)
- Significant Contributions: His government was known for its focus on rural and agricultural issues.
Rajiv Gandhi (1984-1989)
- Term: October 31, 1984 - December 2, 1989
- Party: Indian National Congress
- Significant Contributions: Modernized India with technology and telecommunications advancements, faced challenges related to Sri Lankan Civil War and Bofors scandal.
Vishwanath Pratap Singh (1989-1990)
- Term: December 2, 1989 - November 10, 1990
- Party: Janata Dal
- Significant Contributions: Implemented the Mandal Commission report, focusing on reservations for OBCs.
Chandra Shekhar (1990-1991)
- Term: November 10, 1990 - June 21, 1991
- Party: Samajwadi Janata Party
- Significant Contributions: Faced economic challenges and political instability.
P. V. Narasimha Rao (1991-1996)
- Term: June 21, 1991 - May 16, 1996
- Party: Indian National Congress
- Significant Contributions: Economic liberalization, initiated major economic reforms.
Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1996, 1998-2004)
- Term: May 16, 1996 - June 1, 1996
- Term: March 19, 1998 - May 22, 2004
- Party: Bharatiya Janata Party
- Significant Contributions: Nuclear tests in 1998, improved infrastructure, Kargil War leadership.
H. D. Deve Gowda (1996-1997)
- Term: June 1, 1996 - April 21, 1997
- Party: Janata Dal
- Significant Contributions: Focus on agricultural and rural development.
Inder Kumar Gujral (1997-1998)
- Term: April 21, 1997 - March 19, 1998
- Party: Janata Dal
- Significant Contributions: Gujral Doctrine in foreign policy, emphasis on good relations with neighbors.
Manmohan Singh (2004-2014)
- Term: May 22, 2004 - May 26, 2014
- Party: Indian National Congress
- Significant Contributions: Economic growth, nuclear agreement with the United States, MGNREGA.
Narendra Modi (2014-present)
- Term: May 26, 2014 - present
- Party: Bharatiya Janata Party
- Significant Contributions: Demonetization, GST implementation, Digital India initiative, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, and COVID-19 management.
This list includes all the Prime Ministers of India from independence to the present day, highlighting their terms in office and their significant contributions.
First prime minister of India died in office
The first Prime Minister of India who died in office was Jawaharlal Nehru. He passed away on May 27, 1964, while still serving as Prime Minister. Nehru's death marked the end of an era in Indian politics, as he had been a central figure in the Indian independence movement and the country's first Prime Minister since its independence in 1947.
Nehru's contributions to the formation of modern India and his vision for the nation have left an enduring legacy. His death led to a brief period of interim leadership by Gulzarilal Nanda, who served as Acting Prime Minister until a new Prime Minister was chosen.
Who Gave the Oath to the First Prime Minister of India
The first Prime Minister of India was Jawaharlal Nehru, and he took the oath of office on August 15, 1947. He was administered the oath by Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India and the first Governor-General of independent India.
First deputy prime minister of India
The first Deputy Prime Minister of India was Vallabhbhai Patel. He served from August 15, 1947, until his death on December 15, 1950. Patel was also the first Home Minister of independent India. He played a crucial role in the political integration of the country and the consolidation of the princely states into the Indian Union.
Key Contributions of Vallabhbhai Patel
Integration of Princely States: Patel's efforts led to the unification of over 500 princely states into the Indian Union. His strategic use of diplomacy, backed by the threat of military action, was instrumental in convincing the princes to accede to India.
Iron Man of India: Vallabhbhai Patel is often referred to as the "Iron Man of India" for his decisive leadership and firm resolve. His leadership was pivotal during the partition of India and the subsequent communal violence.
Modern Civil Services: Patel played a significant role in shaping the Indian civil services, laying the foundation for a strong administrative framework for the newly independent country.
Patel's contributions to India's unity and his legacy as a key figure in the Indian independence movement continue to be remembered and celebrated.
First prime minister of India in 1947 was appointed by
The first Prime Minister of India in 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru, was appointed by Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy and the first Governor-General of independent India. Nehru's appointment followed the tradition of the head of state appointing the leader of the majority party in the parliament. At the time of independence, the Indian National Congress was the dominant party, and Nehru was its prominent leader.
Nehru's Appointment
Indian Independence Act 1947: This act, passed by the British Parliament, provided for the partition of India and the establishment of the dominions of India and Pakistan. It also facilitated the transfer of power to Indian leaders.
Leadership in the Indian National Congress: Nehru was a key figure in the Indian National Congress, which had led the struggle for independence. His leadership and vision for a secular, democratic India made him a natural choice for the position of Prime Minister.
Role of Lord Mountbatten: As the last British Viceroy and the first Governor-General of independent India, Lord Mountbatten played a significant role in the transition of power. He officially appointed Nehru as the Prime Minister following the conventions of parliamentary democracy.
Nehru's appointment marked the beginning of his long tenure as Prime Minister, during which he shaped the newly independent nation with his policies and vision for modern India.
First Prime Minister of India from BJP
The first Prime Minister of India from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) was Atal Bihari Vajpayee. He served three terms as Prime Minister: first for a brief period in 1996, and then from 1998 to 2004.
First prime minister of India which year
Jawaharlal Nehru became the first Prime Minister of India in the year 1947. He took office on August 15, 1947, the day India gained independence from British rule. Nehru's tenure as Prime Minister continued until his death on May 27, 1964. His leadership during this period was instrumental in shaping the newly independent nation and establishing its democratic institutions and policies.
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